The Evolution of Marriage and of the Family by Ch. Letourneau - HTML preview

 

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Anthropogenia, p. 577.

[2] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 384.

[3] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 365.

[4] Bartram, Travels through Carolina, p. 128 (1791).

[5] Audubon, Scènes de la Nature dans les États-Unis, vol. i. p. 383.

[6] Ibid. vol. ii. p. 66.

[7] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 399.

[8] Ibid. p. 403.

[9] Espinas, Sociétés Animales, p. 326.

[10] Audubon, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 305.

[11] Ibid. vol. ii. p. 50.

[12] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 438.

[13] Ibid. p. 438.

[14] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 433.—Espinas, Soc. Animales, p. 326.

[15] Ibid. pp. 418, 453.

[16] Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, t. ix. fase 3-4, 1877.

[17] Espinas, loc. cit., pp. 299, 438.

[18] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 460.

[19] Houzeau, Facultés mentales des animaux, t. Ier. p. 292.

[20] Darwin, Descent of Man, pp. 550, 556.

[21] Darwin, Descent of Man, pp. 460, 461.

[22] Ibid. p. 457.

[23] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 575.

[24] Ibid. p. 576.

[25] Ibid. p. 576.

[26] Ibid. pp. 458, 459.

[27] Ibid. p. 574.

[28] Ibid. p. 234.

[29] Espinas, Soc. Animales, pp. 343, 344.

[30] Ibid. pp. 344, 345.

[31] Espinas, Soc. Animales, pp. 336-396.

[32] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 375.

[33] Lortet, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 1878.

[34] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 379.

[35] Ibid. p. 244.

[36] Espinas, Soc. Animales, p. 415.

[37] Ibid. pp. 416, 417.

[38] Houzeau, Fac. mentales des animaux, t. ii. p. 380.

[39] Dix-huit ans chez les sauvages, etc., p. 374.

[40] Espinas, Soc. anim., p. 427.

[41] Ibid. p. 421.

[42] Audubon, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 83.

[43] Ibid. t. Ier. p. 292.

[44] Darwin, Descent of Man, pp. 446, 449.

[45] Ibid. p. 455.

[46] Espinas, Soc. Animales, p. 422.

[47] Audubon, Scènes de la Nature, t. Ier. p. 29.

[48] Espinas, loc. cit. pp. 421-423.

[49] Audubon, loc. cit. t. Ier. p. 209.

[50] Ibid. t. ii. p. 13.

[51] Ibid.

[52] Ibid. t. Ier. p. 167.

[53] Ibid. t. ii. p. 199.

[54] Ibid. t. ii. p. 476.

[55] Ibid. t. ii. p. 70.

[56] Ibid. t. Ier. p. 347.

[57] Audubon, Scènes de la Nature, t. Ier. p. 317.

[58] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 238.

[59] Espinas, Soc. Animales, p. 448.

[60] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 238.

[61] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 443.

[62] Espinas, loc. cit. p. 443.

[63] Houzeau, Facultés mentales des animaux, t. ii. p. 394.

[64] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 238.

[65] Espinas, loc. cit. p. 453.

[66] Herodotus, Book xvi. p. 17.

[67] Strabo, vol. xvi. ch. iv. p. 25.

[68] Herodotus, Book i. p. 216.

[69] Herodotus, iv. 104.

[70] Ibid. iv. 180.

[71] Pliny, v. 8.

[72] Strabo, iv. 4.

[73] Varro, Apud. August. de Civit. Dei., xviii. 9.

[74] Goguet, Orig. des lois, t. iii. p. 388.

[75] Quoted by Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 66.

[76] Trans. Ethn. Soc., New Series, vol. ii. p. 35.

[77] Ibid. vol. v. p. 45.

[78] Bagaert, Smithsonian Report, p. 368, 1863.

[79] Bancroft, Native Races of Pacific, vol. i. p. 352.

[80] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 110.

[81] Campenhausen, Bemerk. über Russland.

[82] Volney, Syria, ch. iii.

[83] Mayeux, Les Bédouins ou Arabes du Désert (1816), t. Ier. pp. 187, 189.

[84] Herodotus, Book i. 199.

[85] Strabo, vol. xi. 14.

[86] Abel de Rémusat, Nouv. mél. Asiatiques, p. 116.

[87] Herodotus, iv. 172.

[88] Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 69.

[89] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 651.

[90] Ibid. p. 651.

[91] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 584.

[92] Marco Polo, Edition Populaire, p. 187.

[93] Laurière, Glose du droit Français, at the word Culage ou Culiage.

[94] James Forbes, Oriental Memoirs, vol. i. p. 446; vol. iv. 1813.

[95] A. Rémusat, Nouv. mél. Asiatiques, t. Ier. p. 118.

[96] Eyre, Discoveries, vol. ii. p. 320.

[97] Porter, Hist. Univ. des Voy.., vol. xvi. p. 323.

[98] Cook, First Voy. (Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. v. p. 252). Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles du Grand Océan, t. Ier. p. 263.

[99] Bancroft, Native Races, etc.

[100] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 219.

[101] Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 83.

[102] History of Greenland, p. 142.

[103] Ross, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xl. p. 158.

[104] Lettres Edifiantes, t. xx. p. 116.

[105] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 514.

[106] Meares, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xiii. p. 375.

[107] Burckhardt, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxii. p. 380.

[108] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., p. 276.

[109] Les Abyssiniennes et les Femmes du Soudan Oriental, p. 97.

[110] Plutarch, Lycurgus.

[111] Ibid., Cato.

[112] L’Évolution de la Morale.

[113] Wake, vol. i. p. 77.

[114] Id. vol. i. p. 71.

[115] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 213.

[116] Wake, vol. i. p. 205.

[117] Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 68.

[118] Parry (Third Voyage), Hist. Univ. des Voyages, t. xl. p. 456.

[119] Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 96.

[120] Élie Reclus, Les Primitifs, p. 70.

[121] Élie Reclus, Les Primitifs, p. 80.

[122] Carver, Travels in North America, p. 245.

[123] De Varigny, Quatorze ans aux îles Sandwich, p. 159.

[124] Wallis, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xviii. p. 364.—Edwards, ibid. t. xiii. p. 426.

[125] Porter, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvi. p. 232.

[126] Marchand, ibid. t. xv. p. 406.—Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, t. Ier. p. 313.

[127] Porter, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvi. p. 229.

[128] Id., loc. cit., t. xvi. p. 245.

[129] Ibid. t. xix. p. 213.

[130] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 79.

[131] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 56.

[132] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. Ier. p. 206.

[133] Cook, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. v. p. 268.

[134] Moerenhout, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 229.

[135] Bourgarel, Des Races de l’Océanie française, in Mém. Soc. d’Anthropologie, t. ii. p. 390.—De Rochas, Nouvelle Calédonie, p. 235.

[136] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 167.—Marion, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. iii. p. 487.

[137] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 241.

[138] Peschel, Races of Man, p. 408.

[139] Burckhardt, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxii. p. 155.

[140] Strabo, x. 21.

[141] Démeunier, Esprit des Différents Peuples, t. Ier. p. 153

[142] Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxx. p. 94.

[143] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 218.

[144] Langsdorff, Voyages, t. ii. p. 64.

[145] Heber, quoted by H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 248.

[146] Geography, Lib. iv. par. 4.

[147] Justin, Agatha, vol. ii. Tertullian, in Apologet.

[148] A. Hovelacque, L’Avesta, pp. 465, 466.

[149] Démeunier, t. Ier. pp. 465, 466.

[150] Ibid. p. 166.

[151] Noël, Bull. de la Soc. de Géog., Paris, 1843.

[152] Collection Ramusio, t. Ier. libro di Odoardo Barbosa, portoghese.

[153] Démeunier, t. Ier. p. 155.

[154] Ibid.

[155] The People of India, vol. i. p. 2.

[156] Travels through the Russian Empire and Tartary, by D. J. Cook, vol. i.

[157] Davy, Ceylon, p. 286.

[158] Dr. Decugis, Bull. de la Soc. de Géog., Paris.

[159] Strabo, vol. ii. p. 514.

[160] Porter, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvi. p. 323.

[161] Levaillant, ibid. t. xxi. p. 164.

[162] Bruce, Travels, vol. ix. p. 187; vol. v. p. 1.

[163] Ausland, Jan. 1867, p. 114.

[164] Ibn Batûta, vol. ii. p. 230 (quoted by R. Smith in Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia).

[165] Hearne, A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort, p. 104 (1796).

[166] Franklin, Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, vol. viii. p. 43.

[167] Richardson, Boat Journey, vol. ii. p. 21.

[168] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 614.

[169] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 278.

[170] A. Bertillon.

[171] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 270.

[172] Id., ibid.

[173] Houzeau, Facultés mentales des animaux, t. Ier. p. 282.

[174] Darwin, Descent of Man, p. 270.

[175] Id., ibid. p. 282.

[176] Dalton, Ethn. Bengal, p. 289.

[177] De bello Gallico, v. p. 14.

[178] Berthelot, Mém. Soc. Ethn., pp. 121, 125, 155, 186, 210.

[179] Radiguet, Derniers Sauvages, p. 180.

[180] Dalton, loc. cit., pp. 33-36.

[181] Schortt, Trans. Ethno. Soc. (New Series), vol. viii. p. 240.

[182] Mahabharata, trad. Fauche, t. ii. p. 148.

[183] Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxxi. pp. 458-468.

[184] Davy, Ceylon, p. 286.—O. Sachot, L’île de Ceylon, p. 25.

[185] Turner, Thibet, p. 348, and Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxxi. p. 434.

[186] Moorcroft and Trebeck’s Travels, vol. i. p. 320.

[187] Rousselet, Ethnographie de l’Himalaya occidental, in Revue d’anthrop., 1878.

[188] Turner, Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxxi. p. 434.

[189] Major Ross King, Journ. of Anthrop. (1870), p. 32.

[190] Élie Reclus, Les Primitifs, p. 191.

[191] Hamilton, Account of the East Indies, vol. i. p. 308.

[192] Forbes, Oriental Memoirs, vol. i. p. 385.

[193] Lettres Edifiantes, vol. x. p. 22.

[194] Robertson Smith, Kinship, etc., p. 313.

[195] Buchanan, Journey, vol. ii. p. 411, etc.

[196] Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, 1885.

[197] Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, p. 283.

[198] Sourate, vi. p. 141.

[199] Ibid. p. 152.

[200] Ibid. xvii. p. 33.

[201] Ibid. lxxxi. pp. 8-14.

[202] R. Smith, Kinship, p. 282.

[203] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., pp. 279, 280.

[204] Id., ibid. pp. 131-134.

[205] Id., ibid. p. 135.

[206] Id., ibid. p. 137.

[207] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., pp. 69, 141-143.

[208] Id., ibid. vol. xiv. p. 4.

[209] Id., ibid. p. 67.

[210] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., pp. 141-143.

[211] Id., ibid. p. 143.

[212] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., p. 284.

[213] Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians, p. 65.

[214] Dumont d’Urville, Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xviii. p. 225.—Oldfield, Trans. Ethn. Soc., vol. iii. p. 250.

[215] Chambers’s Journal, p. 22 (October 1861).

[216] Collins, English Colony in New South Wales, p. 362.

[217] G. Grey, Travels in North-Western Australia, vol. ii. p. 249.

[218] Chambers’s Journal, 1864.

[219] Notices on the Indian Archipelago, p. 90.

[220] Williams, Fiji and the Fijians, vol. i. p. 174.

[221] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 321.

[222] Campbell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxix. p. 343.

[223] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxviii. p. 31.

[224] Fitzroy, Voy. Beagle, vol. ii. p. 182.

[225] Fitzroy, loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 205.

[226] McLennan, loc. cit., p. 48.

[227] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 71.—Lewis and Clarke, Travels to the Source of the Missouri River, vol. i. p. 231.

[228] Hist. Univ. des Voy., vol. xxvii. p. 130.

[229] Code of Manu, book iii. p. 33.

[230] Numbers, ch. xxxi. ver. 7-9.

[231] Ibid. ver. 15-18.

[232] Ibid. ver. 40-47.

[233] R. Smith, Kinship, etc.

[234] T. Hayes, The Open Sea at the Pole, pp. 448, 449.

[235] Egede, History of Greenland, p. 143.

[236] Carver, Travels, p. 374.

[237] Lafitau, Mœurs des Sauvages Américains, t. Ier. p. 576.

[238] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. ii. p. 668.

[239] Kotzebue (Deuxième Voyage), Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvii. p. 392.

[240] Beniouski, Hist Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 408.

[241] H. de Hell, Travels in the Steppes of the Caspian Sea, p. 289.

[242] Clarke, Travels, etc., vol. i. p. 433.

[243] Erman, Travels in Siberia, vol. ii. p. 372.

[244] Fraser’s Journey, vol. ii. pp. 372-375.

[245] A. Vambéry, Voy. d’un faux Derviche, p. 295.

[246] Dalton, Ethn. Bengal, p. 319.

[247] Id., ibid. p. 86.

[248] Buchanan, Journey from Madras, vol. ii. p. 178.

[249] Earle, Residence in New Zealand, p. 244.

[250] Yate, New Zealand, p. 96.

[251] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles du Grand Océan, t. ii. p. 68.

[252] Burckhardt, Notes, vol. i. p. 263.

[253] Burckhardt, Notes, vol. i. p. 107.

[254] Démeunier, Esprit des Différents Peuples, t. Ier. p. 296.

[255] Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus.

[256] Apuleius, Golden Ass, iv.

[257] Plutarch, Romulus.—Ovid, Fastes, ii.

[258] Lucan, ii.—Virgil, Æneid, iv.

[259] Louis Moser, The Caucasus and its People, p. 31.

[260] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 401.

[261] Lord Kames, Sketches of the Hist. of Man, book i., sec. 6.

[262] Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus (1555), lib. xiv. cap. 2.

[263] La Villemarqué, Barzas Breis.

[264] Voyage de l’Astrolabe.

[265] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, t. ii. p. 62.

[266] Démeunier, t. Ier. p. 191.

[267] Williams, Fiji and the Fijians, vol. i. p. 156.

[268] Pritchard, Polynesian Reminiscences, etc., p. 371.

[269] De Rochas, Nouv. Calédonie, p. 231.

[270] Burchell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvi. p. 330.

[271] Bowdich, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxviii. p. 430.

[272] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 67.

[273] Homme Américain, t. Ier. p. 40.

[274] Marco Polo (Edition Populaire), p. 61.

[275] Schortt, Trans. Ethn. Soc. (New Series), vol. vii. p. 194.

[276] Sonnerat, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 350.—Lettres Edifiantes, t. x. p. 23.

[277] Plutarch, Numa and Lycurgus compared.

[278] E. de Lavelaye, De la Propriété, p. 35.

[279] Lafitau, t. Ier. pp. 557-560.

[280] Domenech, Voy. pittoresque, etc., p. 508.

[281] Lafitau, t. Ier. pp. 557-560.

[282] H. Bancroft, Native Races of the Pacific States, etc., vol. i. p. 134.

[283] Id., loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 606.

[284] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 662.

[285] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 104.

[286] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 134.

[287] Levaillant, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxiv. p. 348.

[288] Burchell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvi. p. 486.

[289] Campbell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxix. p. 363.

[290] Burchell, ibid. t. xxvi. p. 486.

[291] Neue Missionsreise in Süd-Afrika, vol. i. p. 317.

[292] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxviii. p. 31.

[293] Clapperton, Second Voyage, vol. ii. p. 86.

[294] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxviii. p. 71.

[295] R. J. Lauder, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxx. p. 244.

[296] Duperrey, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xviii. p. 157.

[297] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 62.

[298] Cook (Third Voyage), Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. x. p. 232.

[299] Id., ibid. t. x. p. 232.

[300] Domenech, Voy. pittoresque, etc., p. 511.

[301] Bancroft, Native Races of Pacific, etc., vol. i. p. 276.

[302] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 349.

[303] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 412.

[304] Id., ibid. vol. i. pp. 276-349.

[305] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 349.

[306] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 549.

[307] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. i. p. 549.

[308] Id., ibid. vol. ii. pp. 666, 667.

[309] Id., ibid. ii. p. 667.

[310] Lettres Edifiantes, t. x. p. 202.

[311] A. d’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. ii. p. 307.

[312] Timkowski, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxii. p. 332.—Huc, Travels in Tartary, vol. i. pp. 298, 299.

[313] Fraser, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxv. p. 118.

[314] Burnes, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxvii. p. 270.

[315] Lettres Edifiantes, t. x. p. 138.—Huc, Chinese Empire, vol. ii. p. 255.

[316] Comte d’Hérisson, Journal d’un interprète en Chine, p. 7.

[317] Huc, Chinese Empire, vol. ii. p. 256.

[318] Dalton, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal, passim.

[319] Id., ibid. p. 190.

[320] Id., ibid. p. 41.

[321] Dalton, loc. cit. p. 192.

[322] Id., loc. cit. p. 41.

[323] Id., ibid. p. 91.

[324] Schortt, Trans. Ethn. Soc. (New Series), vol. vii. p. 187.

[325] Duveyrier, Touaregs du Nord, p. 340.

[326] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. ii. p. 68.

[327] Sidi Khelil, Précis de jurisprudence musulmane, trad. Perron (quoted by E. Meynier) in Études sur l’Islamisme, pp. 152, 156.

[328] Elphinstone, Picture of the Kingdom of Cabul, vol. i. p. 168.

[329] Code of Manu, book viii. p. 204.

[330] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiv. p. 382.

[331] Marsden, Hist. of Sumatra, p. 262.

[332] Nials, Saga, vol. i. pp. 9, 10.

[333] Rambaud, Hist. civil. française, p. 107.

[334] Hist. Succes. des Femmes.

[335] Aristotle, Politics, vol. ii. p. 8.

[336] Legouvé, Hist. Mor. des Femmes, p. 86.

[337] Plautus, Stichus.—Laboulaye, Droit romain.

[338] R. Cubain, Lois civiles de Rome, p. 181.

[339] Baudin, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xviii. p. 34.

[340] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 235.

[341] Waitz, Anthropology, vol. i. p. 299.—Steedman, Wanderings, etc., in South Africa, vol. i. p. 240.—Delegorgue, t. Ier. p. 154; t. ii. p. 231.

[342] Campbell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxix. p. 357.

[343] Burchell, ibid. t. xxvi. p. 204.

[344] Du Chaillu, Voy. dans l’Afrique équatoriale, pp. 376, 377.

[345] Du Chaillu, loc. cit. p. 377.

[346] Second Voyage, etc., pp. 18-48.

[347] The Heart of Africa, vol. i. p. 301.

[348] Denham and Clapperton, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvii. p 437.

[349] Gray and Dockard, ibid. t. xviii. p. 373.

[350] Brodie Cruikshank, Sojourn of Eight Years on the Gold Coast.

[351] Denham and Clapperton, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvii. p. 437.

[352] Mollien, ibid. t. xxviii. p. 439.

[353] Du Chaillu, loc. cit., pp. 378-435.

[354] The Heart of Africa, vol. ii. p. 91.

[355] Raffenel, Nouv. Voy. aux Pays des Nègres, t. Ier. p. 402.

[356] Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxv. p. 58.

[357] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. pp. 284-293.

[358] Dupré, Trois Mois à Madagascar, p. 153.

[359] Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa, vol. i. p. 27.

[360] Dupré, Trois Mois à Madagascar, p. 153.

[361] Pritchard, Polynesian Reminiscences, etc., p. 270.

[362] Th. West, Ten Years in South Central Polynesia, p. 270.

[363] Bougainville, Voyages, p. 244.

[364] Pritchard, loc. cit., p. 372.

[365] Cook (Third Voyage), Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. ix. p. 70.

[366] Dumont d’Urville.

[367] A. d’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. Ier. p. 403.

[368] Voyage à la Terre-ferme, etc., t. Ier. p. 304.

[369] A. d’Orbigny, loc. cit., t. ii. p. 89.

[370] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 282.

[371] A. d’Orbigny, loc. cit., t. ii. p. 308.

[372] J. Owen Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, p. 260 (Smithsonian Institution, 1885).

[373] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 432.

[374] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 277.

[375] J. Owen Dorsey, loc. cit., p. 260.

[376] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 388.

[377] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 255.

[378] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. i. p. 283.

[379] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 285.

[380] Domenech, Voy. pitt., p. 509.—Bancroft, vol. i. pp. 168-195.

[381] Bancroft, loc. cit., p. 511.

[382] Domenech, loc. cit., p. 511.

[383] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 277.

[384] Ibid. vol. i. p. 511.

[385] Ibid. vol. i. p. 511.

[386] Dalton, Descriptive Ethno. of Bengal, pp. 12, 16, 19.

[387] Ibid. p. 8.

[388] Voy. au Bootan, by a Hindoo author, in Revue Britannique, 1827.

[389] Wake, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 269.

[390] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 280.

[391] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 292.

[392] De bello Gallico, vi. 19.

[393] Germania, xviii.

[394] Koran, Sourate, iv. 38.

[395] Koran, Sourate, iv. 26.

[396] Ibid. iv. 28.

[397] Ibid. lx. 10.

[398] Ibid. iv. 18.

[399] Ibid. iv. 3.

[400] Koran, xxxiii. 47.

[401] Ibid. lx. 12.

[402] Ibid. xxxiii. 49.

[403] Ibid. iv. 128.

[404] Ibid. iii. 13.

[405] Koran, lii. 20.

[406] Ibid. lv. 56-70.

[407] Ibid. lvi. 22.

[408] Ibid. lvi. 35.

[409] E. Meynier, Études sur l’Islamisme, p. 148.

[410] Sidi Khelil, t. ii. p. 434 (quoted by Meynier).

[411] E. Meynier, loc. cit. p. 159.

[412] E. Meynier, loc. cit. pp. 158-160.

[413] Sidi Khelil, t. ii. pp. 326, 327 (quoted by Meynier).

[414] Ibid. p. 157.

[415] E. Meynier, loc. cit. p. 158.

[416] Sidi Khelil, t. ii. p. 505.

[417] E. Meynier, loc. cit. p. 165.

[418] Ibid. p. 166.

[419] Ibid. p. 167.

[420] E. Sabatier, Essai sur l’origine, etc., des Berbères sédentaires, in Revue d’anthropologie, 1882.

[421] Hanoteau et Letourneux, La Kabylie, t. ii. p. 148.

[422] Hanoteau et Letourneux, La Kabylie, t. ii. p. 148.

[423] Id., ibid. p. 149.

[424] Id., ibid. p. 150.

[425] Id., ibid. p. 162.

[426] Id., ibid. pp. 152, 153.

[427] Id., ibid.

[428] Hanoteau et Letourneux, La Kabylie, t. ii. p. 161.

[429] Id., ibid. p. 151.

[430] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 165.

[431] Id., ibid. p. 169.

[432] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 146.

[433] Id., ibid. p. 151.

[434] Diodorus, book i. 80.

[435] W. Prescott, Hist. of the Conquest of Peru, vol. i. p. 46.

[436] W. Prescott, Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico, vol. i. p. 121.—Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 283.

[437] F. Müller, Allgem. Ethnogr., p. 263.

[438] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 295.

[439] C. de Harlez, Avesta, Introd. clxxi.

[440] Rig-Veda, sec. viii., lect. viii., H. xx., ver. 45.

[441] Rig-Veda, sec. iii., H. ii., ver. 17.

[442] Ibid. sec. viii., H. xvii., ver. 5, 6.

[443] Ibid. sec. iii., lect. iv., ver. 3.

[444] Ibid. sec. vii., lect. viii., H. xxvi., ver. 2.

[445] E. Burnouf, Essai sur le Véda, p. 213.

[446] Code of Manu, ix. ver. 149-151.

[447] Ibid. xi. ver. 5.

[448] Code of Manu, vii. ver. 219, 221, and 224.

[449] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. ii. p. 241.

[450] Lettres édif., t. vi. p. 26; t. xv. p. 286; t. xii. p. 416.

[451] Wake, loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 230.

[452] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 676.

[453] Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 133.

[454] Ibid. t. xxxiv. p. 334.

[455] G. Bousquet, Le Japon de nos jours (1877), t. Ier. p. 246.

[456] G. Bousquet, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 87.

[457] Schliemann, La Chine et le Japon.

[458] G. Bousquet, Le Théâtre au Japon (Revue des Deux Mondes, 1874).

[459] Lecky, History of European Morals, vol. i. p. 103.

[460] Mrs. Spier, Life in Ancient India, p. 28.

[461] Lettres édifiantes, t. xii. p. 412.

[462] Ibid. p. 417.

[463] Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 351.

[464] Desmaze, Curiosités des anciennes justices, etc., p. 289.

[465] Iliad, i.

[466] Ibid. ii.

[467] Ibid. ix.

[468] Odyssey, xx. xxii.

[469] Houzeau, Études sur les facultés mentales des animaux, t. ii. p. 381.

[470] Les Abyssiniennes, p. 13.

[471] Clapperton, Second Voy., vol. ii. p. 86.

[472] Le Jean, Théodore, ii.

[473] Dupré, Trois Mois à Madagascar, p. 153.

[474] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. ii. p. 671.

[475] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 664.

[476] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 164.

[477] Huc, Voyage en Tartarie, etc., t. Ier. p. 301.—Préjévalsky, t. Ier. p. 69; t. ii. p. 121.

[478] Timkowski, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxiii. p. 311.

[479] Sinibaldo de Mas, La Chine et les puissances Chrétiennes, t. Ier. p. 51.

[480] Huc, L’Empire Chinois, t. ii. p. 255.

[481] Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 238.

[482] Milne, Real Life in China, p. 161.

[483] Huc, L’Empire Chinois, t. ii. p. 258.

[484] Milne, Real Life in China, p 161.

[485] Burckhardt, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 148.

[486] Burckhardt, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxii. p. 148.

[487] Sonnerat, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 349.—Ibid., Laplace, t. xviii. p. 433.

[488] Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, vol. ii. p. 280.

[489] Domenget, Institutes de Gaius, sec. 63.

[490] R. Cubain, Lois civiles de Rome, pp. 188, 189.

[491] Domenget, loc. cit. sec. 63.

[492] R. Cubain, loc. cit. p. 188.

[493] Domenget, Institutes de Gaius, sec. 58.

[494] Lea, History of Sacerdotal Celibacy (Philadelphia, 1867), p. 296.

[495] Id., ibid. pp. 274, 292, 422.

[496] Id., ibid. p. 324.

[497] M. Block, Europe Politique et Sociale, pp. 204, 205.

[498] Hanoteau et Letourneux, La Kabylie, t. ii. p. 148.

[499] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 301.

[500] Id., ibid. vol. ii. pp. 301, 302.

[501] Das Mutterrecht.

[502] Das Mutterrecht.

[503] Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 299.

[504] Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai.

[505] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 41.

[506] Id., ibid. p. 132.

[507] Id., ibid. p. 28.

[508] Doménech, Voyage Pittoresque dans les Déserts du Nouveau Monde, p. 510.

[509] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. ii. p. 661.

[510] Mollien, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlii. p. 416.

[511] Fr. Müller, Allgem. Ethnogr., etc., p. 263.

[512] Id., ibid. p. 263.

[513] W. Prescott, Hist. of the Conq. of Peru, vol. i. p. 121.—Garcilaso de la Vega, Com. de los Incas, pp. 25, 113, 218.

[514] Id., ibid.

[515] Herodotus, bk. ii. p. 35.

[516] Id., bk. ii. p. 42.

[517] Diodorus, bk. i. p. 27.

[518] Révillout, Revue égyptienne, 1880.

[519] Id., ibid.

[520] Id., ibid.

[521] Id., ibid.

[522] Duveyrier, Toûareg du Nord, 337.

[523] Id., ibid.

[524] Duveyrier, Toûareg du Nord, p. 387.

[525] Id., ibid. p. 430.

[526] Id., loc. cit. p. 362.

[527] Id., ibid. pp. 345, 347.

[528] Id., loc. cit. p. 429.

[529] Bruce, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxiii. p. 358.

[530] Bruce, Travels, etc., vol. iv. p. 487.—A. d’Abbadie, Douze ans dans la haute Éthiopie, t. Ier. pp. 100, 128.

[531] Bruce, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxiii. p. 365.

[532] Bruce, loc. cit., t. xxiii. p. 255.

[533] Turner, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 437.

[534] Id., ibid. t. xxxi. pp. 437, 454.

[535] Id., ibid. p. 435.

[536] Lettres édifiantes, t. xv. p. 200.

[537] Préjévalsky, Mongolia, t. Ier. p. 69.—Huc, Tartarie, t. Ier. p. 301.

[538] Id., ibid. t. Ier. p. 71.

[539] Huc, L’Empire chinois, t. ii. p. 258.—Sinibaldo de Mas, Chine et puissances Chrétiennes, t. Ier. p. 51.

[540] Duhaut Cily, Voyage autour du monde, t. ii. p. 369.

[541] Milne, Real Life in China, p. 159.

[542] Id., ibid. p. 159.

[543] Huc, Empire chinois, t. ii. p. 255.

[544] Milne, loc. cit. p. 151.

[545] Huc, loc. cit. p. 255.

[546] G. E. Simon, La famille chinoise, Nouvelle Revue, 1883.

[547] Milne, loc. cit. p. 154.

[548] Huc, Empire chinois, t. Ier. p. 268.

[549] Pauthier, Chine Moderne, p. 238.

[550] Id., ibid. p. 238.

[551] Id., ibid.

[552] Id., ibid.

[553] Id., ibid. p. 288.

[554] E. Simon, Famille Chinoise, Nouvelle Revue, 1883.

[555] Id., ibid.

[556] Milne, loc. cit. p. 153.

[557] E. Simon, loc. cit.

[558] Id., ibid.

[559] Masana Maeda, La Société japonaise, in Revue Scientifique, 1878.

[560] Exodus, xxi. 8-10.

[561] Genesis, ii. 24.

[562] Deut., ch. xxii., ver. 13-21.

[563] Hovelacque, L’Avesta, p. 396.

[564] Code of Manu, book ix. pp. 5-17.

[565] Code of Manu, v. pp. 147, 148.

[566] Ibid.

[567] Ibid. ix. p. 90.

[568] Ibid. p. 93.

[569] Ibid. p. 94.

[570] Ibid. iii. pp. 51, 53.

[571] Ibid. book iii.

[572] Ibid. book iii. pp. 171, 172.

[573] Ibid. pp. 14, 15.

[574] Code of Manu, book iii. p. 19.

[575] Ibid. p. 17.

[576] Ibid. pp. 4-10.

[577] Ibid. ix. pp. 46, 47.

[578] Somerset, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 352.

[579] Id., ibid. p. 341.

[580] Id., ibid. p. 350.

[581] Id., ibid. p. 350.—Lettres édifiantes, t. x. p. 23.

[582] Iliad, ii., vii., viii.

[583] Goguet, Orig. des Lois, t. ii. p. 60.

[584] Odyssey, xiv.

[585] Ibid. i.

[586] Cavallotti, La Sposa di Menecle (notes), p. 246.

[587] Id., ibid. p. 239.

[588] Lycurgus, xxvi.

[589] Plutarch, Apophthegms of the Lacedemonians.—Demandes Romaines, lxv.

[590] Solon, xxxviii.

[591] Lycurgus, xxxvii.

[592] Demosthenes, cf. Step. ii.; in Cavallotti, loc. cit.

[593] Isaeus, Heritage of Menecles, §§ 5-9.

[594] Demosthenes, Against Aphobus.

[595] Id., For Phormion.

[596] Isaeus, Succession of Pyrrhus.

[597] Nic. Ethics, viii. 14.—Econom., i. p. 4.

[598] Solon, xxxvii.

[599] Isaeus, Succession of Pyrrhus.

[600] Mysogyne, Fr. 3.

[601] Menander, The Necklace.

[602] Cavallotti, La Sposa di Menecle, p. 158.

[603] Friedländer, Mœurs romaines, etc., t. Ier. pp. 251-254.

[604] Id., ibid. t. xxiii. pp. 1-14.—Avis de Molestion.

[605] Friedländer, loc. cit. p. 351.

[606] Plutarch, Lycurgus and Numa compared, 4, 2.

[607] Friedländer, loc. cit. p. 356.

[608] Suetonius, Octavius, lxiv.

[609] Plutarch, Numa Pompilius, xvii.

[610] Plautus, Stichus.

[611] L’Italie ancienne, par MM. Duruy, Filon, etc. (passim).

[612] Saint Augustine, Confessions, book ix. ch. ix.

[613] R. Cubain, Lois civiles de Rome, p. 179.

[614] Plutarch, Cato of Utica, xxxvi. lxviii.

[615] Domenget, Institutes de Gaius, i. 64.

[616] Asinaria, v. 70-72.

[617] Seneca, De matrim.—Saint Jerome, Letters, 54, 13, 79, 9.

[618] Friedländer, Mœurs, etc., t. Ier. p. 360.

[619] Plutarch, On Herodotus, xxi.

[620] Germania, xviii.

[621] Laboulaye, Hist. de la succes. des femmes.

[622] Summa Cardinalis Hostiensis, lib. v., De Adulteris.

[623] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. i. p. 381.

[624] Code Theod., lib. vi., tit. Ier..

[625] Diderot, Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville, in Œuvres, t. ii. p. 245.

[626] Bonwick, Daily Life, etc., p. 72.

[627] Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi, etc.

[628] De Rochas, Nouvelle Calédonie, p. 262.

[629] L. Moncelon, Réponse au Questionnaire de Sociologie, in Bull. Soc. d’anthrop., 1886.

[630] L. Moncelon, loc. cit.

[631] Burchell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvi. p. 479.

[632] Alexander, Expedition into the Interior of Africa, vol. i. pp. 98, 173.

[633] Du Chaillu, Afrique équatoriale, pp. 67, 435.

[634] Raffenel, Nouv. Voy. aux pays des Nègres, t. Ier. p. 402.

[635] Denham and Clapperton, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvii. p. 437.

[636] Id., ibid. t. xxviii. p. 106.

[637] Démeunier, Mœurs des Différents Peuples, t. Ier. p. 223.

[638] Speke, Voy. to the Sources of the Nile, p. 343.

[639] Bowdich, English Mission to the Ashantees.

[640] Démeunier, loc. cit. t. Ier. p. 218.

[641] Journal of Marsden, in Voy. of the Astrolabe, p. 360.

[642] Cook, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. x. p. 31.

[643] Cook, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvii. p. 12.

[644] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 81.

[645] Élie Reclus, Les Primitifs.

[646] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 216.

[647] Domenech, Voy. pittoresque, etc., p. 533.

[648] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 514.

[649] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 219.

[650] J. O. Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, p. 364, Smithsonian Institution, 1885.

[651] Wake, vol. i. p. 428.

[652] J. O. Dorsey, loc. cit.

[653] Id., ibid.

[654] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 350.

[655] Id., ibid. p. 412.

[656] Voyage à la Terre-ferme, etc., t. Ier. p. 304.

[657] D’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. ii. p. 329.

[658] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. ii. p. 675.

[659] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 674.

[660] Démeunier, loc. cit., t. Ier. p. 224.

[661] Id., ibid. t. Ier. p. 225.

[662] Prescott, Hist. Conq. of Mexico, vol. i. p. 26.

[663] L. Biart, Les Aztèques, p. 168.

[664] Prescott, Hist. Conq. of Peru, vol. i. p. 59.

[665] Bancroft, Native Races of the Pacific States, vol. ii. p. 673.

[666] Timkowski, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxiii. p. 341.

[667] Préjévalsky, Mongolia, t. Ier. p. 69.

[668] Turner, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 437.

[669] Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 238.

[670] Davis, China, vol. i. p. 322, etc.

[671] Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 239.

[672] Sinibaldo de Mas, Chine et puissances chrétiennes, t. Ier. p. 52.

[673] Pauthier, loc. cit. p. 239.

[674] Masana Maeda, La Société japonaise, in Revue Scientifique, 1878.

[675] Waitz, Anthropology, vol. i. p. 315.

[676] Journal of James Brook, Rajah of Sarawak, by Capt. Munday, vol. ii. p. 2.

[677] Diodorus, i. p. 78.

[678] Deuteronomy, xxii.

[679] Leviticus, xix. 20-22.

[680] Burckhardt, Notes, etc., t. ii. p. 84.

[681] Sourate, iv. 8.

[682] Koran, Sourate, xxiv. 8.

[683] Id., ibid. iv. 19.

[684] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. iii. p. 209.

[685] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 186.

[686] Id., ibid. t. iii. p. 208.

[687] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 187.

[688] Id., ibid. t. iii. pp. 212, 213.

[689] Id., ibid. p. 74.

[690] Id., ibid. p. 187.

[691] Id., ibid. t. iii. p. 74.

[692] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 159.

[693] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 165.

[694] Chardin, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 251.

[695] G. Drouville, Voyage en Perse, t. Ier. p. 251.

[696] Code of Manu, v. 154.

[697] Ibid. book viii. 371.

[698] Ibid. p. 375.

[699] Ibid. viii. 379.

[700] Ibid. viii. 374.

[701] Ibid. viii. 357.

[702] Code of Manu, ix. 60, 61.

[703] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiv. p. 378.

[704] Plutarch, Lycurgus, xxix.

[705] Plutarch, Solon, xxxvi.

[706] Id., Life of Cimon.

[707] Id., Solon, xliv.

[708] Legouvé, Hist. Morale des Femmes, p. 182.

[709] Ménard, Morale avant les Philosophes, p. 303.

[710] Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, vol. i. p. 312.

[711] Wake, Evolution of Morality, vol. ii. p. 85.

[712] Institutes, iv., tit. 18.

[713] Friedländer, Mœurs Romaines, etc., t. Ier. p. 367.

[714] Socrates, Hist. Eccles., lib. v., cap. xviii.

[715] Friedländer, etc., Mœurs, t. Ier. p. 367.

[716] Klaproth and Gamba, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlv. p. 435.

[717] Klaproth and Gamba, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlv. p. 448.

[718] Desmaze, Curiosités, etc.

[719] Moncelon, Réponses au Questionnaire de Sociologie, in Bull. de la Soc. d’anthrop., 1886.

[720] Campbell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxix. p. 343.

[721] Burchell, ibid. t. xxvi. p. 479.

[722] Schweinfurth, The Heart of Africa, vol. ii. p. 27.

[723] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxviii. p. 107.

[724] Brodie Cruikshank, The Gold Coast.

[725] Bowdich, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxviii. p. 425.

[726] M. Radiguet, Derniers Sauvages, p. 179.

[727] Revue de l’Orient, 1844.

[728] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 62.

[729] Freycinet, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xviii. p. 82.

[730] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 81.

[731] Beniouski, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 410.

[732] J. O. Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, Smithsonian Institution, 1885.

[733] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies.

[734] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 412.

[735] Id., ibid. p. 512.

[736] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 672.

[737] A. d’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. ii. p. 211.

[738] Id., Voy. pittor., etc., p. 511.

[739] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. i. p. 117.

[740] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 241.

[741] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 261.

[742] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 511.

[743] Voy. à la Terre-ferme, etc., t. Ier. p. 304.

[744] Dobritzhoffer, An Account of the Abipones of Paraguay, vol. ii. p. 97.

[745] Bruce, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxiii. p. 365.

[746] D’Abbadie, Douze ans dans la haute Éthiopie, pp. 100, 128.

[747] Annie Besant, Marriage, as it was, as it is, and as it should be.

[748] Dupré, Trois Mois à Madagascar, p. 153.

[749] D. Cuny, Journal de Voyage à Siout et à El-Obéid, en 1857-58.

[750] Burckhardt, loc. cit.

[751] Duveyrier, loc. cit. p. 429.

[752] Raffenel, Voy. au pays des Nègres, t. Ier. p. 355.

[753] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 164.

[754] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 178.

[755] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 177.

[756] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 177.

[757] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 179.

[758] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 181.

[759] Id., ibid.. t. ii. p. 184.

[760] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 159.

[761] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 180.

[762] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 173.

[763] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 180.

[764] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 182.

[765] Id., ibid.

[766] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 180.

[767] Koran, ii. 229, 230.

[768] Koran, ii. 229.

[769] Ibid. ii. 226, 242.

[770] Ibid. ii. 233.

[771] Ibid. ii. 228.

[772] Ibid. iv. 127.

[773] Meynier, Études sur l’Islamisme, pp. 168, 169.

[774] Id., ibid. p. 178.

[775] Id., ibid. p. 174.

[776] Meynier, Études sur l’Islamisme.

[777] Id., ibid. p. 174.

[778] Niebuhr, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 330.

[779] Prescott, Conquest of Peru.

[780] Id., Conquest of Mexico, vol. i. p. 28.

[781] Turner, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxxi. p. 437.

[782] Huc, Voy. dans la Tartarie, t. Ier. p. 301.

[783] Pauthier, Chine Moderne, p. 239.

[784] Id., ibid.

[785] Code of Manu, ix. pp. 80, 81.

[786] Ibid. p. 77.

[787] Ibid. p. 83.

[788] Ibid.

[789] Deuteronomy, ch. xxiv. ver. 1, 2.

[790] Mischnah (third part).

[791] A. Weil, La Femme juive, passim.

[792] Goguet, Orig. des Lois, t. ii. p. 61.

[793] Demosthenes, Against Aphobus.

[794] Id., Against Neera.

[795] Euripides, Melanippus, Fr. 31 (quoted by Cavallotti).

[796] Lecky, Hist. of European Morals, etc., vol. ii. p. 287.

[797] Romulus, xxxv.

[798] Plutarch, Demandes Romaines, xiv.

[799] Italie ancienne (Univers pittoresque), p. 487.

[800] Ibid. p. 488.

[801] Italie ancienne, p. 488.

[802] R. Cubain, Lois Civiles de Rome, p. 183.

[803] Italie ancienne, p. 487.

[804] Lecky, loc. cit., p. 352.

[805] Id., ibid.

[806] Session xxiv., can. 17.

[807] Rambaud, Hist. de la Civil. Franç., t. Ier. p. 107.

[808] D’Arbois de Jubainville, Preface to Hist. inst. primit. of Sir H. Maine.

[809] Klaproth et Gamba, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xlv. p. 435.

[810] M. Block, Europe Politique et Sociale, p. 216.

[811] Burchell, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxvi. p. 321.—Thompson, ibid., t. xxix. p. 163.

[812] Du Chaillu, Voy. dans l’Afrique équatoriale, p. 268.

[813] Clapperton, Second Voyage, p. 90.

[814] Id., ibid. p. 156.

[815] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxviii. p. 71.

[816] Raffenel, Nouveau Voyage au Pays des Nègres, t. Ier. p. 389.

[817] Dupré, Trois Mois à Madagascar, p. 124.

[818] Bancroft, Native Races of Pacific, etc., vol. i. p. 731.

[819] Id., ibid. vol. i. p. 277.

[820] Bancroft, loc. cit., p. 731.

[821] Démeunier, Esprit des Différents Peuples, t. Ier. p. 244.

[822] Bancroft, loc. cit., p. 277.

[823] Doménech, Voyage Pittoresque, etc., p. 516.

[824] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol i. p. 277.

[825] O. Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, in Smithsonian Reports, p. 267 (1885).

[826] O. Dorsey, loc. cit.

[827] Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. p. 187.

[828] Clapperton, Second Voyage, vol. i. p. 94.

[829] R. and J. Lander, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxx. p. 54.

[830] Porter, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xiv. p. 331.

[831] Voyage au Bootan, by a Hindoo author, Revue Britannique, 1824.

[832] Moorcroft and Trebeck’s Travels, vol. i. p. 320.

[833] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiii. pp. 349, 353.

[834] Doolittle, Social Life of the Chinese, p. 78.

[835] Sinibaldo de Mas, La Chine et les Puissances Chrétiennes, t. Ier. p. 55.

[836] Comte d’Hérisson, Journal d’un interprète en Chine, p. 132.

[837] Code of Manu, ix. 64.

[838] Ibid. v. 167, 168.

[839] Ibid. v. 156, 157, 161, 168.

[840] Diodorus, book xix. p. 34.

[841] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiii. pp. 23, 28.

[842] Ibid. p. 30.

[843] Ibid. p. 32.

[844] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiii. p. 27.

[845] Koran, iv. 26.

[846] Ibid. iv. 14.

[847] Leviticus, xxii. 13.

[848] Deuteronomy, xxvi. 12.

[849] Leviticus, xxii. 13.

[850] M. Elphinstone, Picture of the Kingdom of Cabul, vol. i. p. 168.

[851] Hanoteau and Letourneux, Kabylie, p. 156.

[852] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 156.

[853] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 158.

[854] Id., ibid. t. ii. p. 157.

[855] Id., ibid. t. iii. p. 77.

[856] Koran, t. ii. p. 234.

[857] Hanoteau and Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 174.

[858] Id. p. 175.—E. Meynier, Études sur l’Islamisme, p. 175.

[859] Domenget, Institutes de Gaius, p. 336.

[860] Italie ancienne, p. 488.

[861] Lecky, loc. cit., vol. ii. pp. 321, 324.

[862] Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, etc., p. 336.

[863] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. ii. p. 671.

[864] Castren, Reiseberichte und Briefe aus den Jahren, 1845-1853, p. 56.

[865] McLennan, p. 158.

[866] M. Elphinstone, Picture of the Kingdom of Cabul, vol. i. p. 168.

[867] Code of Manu, ix. 69.

[868] Code of Manu, ix. 70.

[869] Genesis, xxxviii. 8.

[870] Deuteronomy, xxv. 5, 6.

[871] Ibid. xxv. 7-10.

[872] A. d’Abbadie, Douze ans de séjour dans la haute Éthiopie, p. 273.

[873] Lubbock, Orig. Civil., p. 9.

[874] Lang, Aborigines of Australia.—Eyre, Discoveries in Central Australia, vol. ii. p. 385.

[875] Grey’s Journal, vol. ii. ch. ii.

[876] Tylor, Researches in Early History of Mankind, vol. i. ch. ix.

[877] Giraud-Teulon, père, Origine de la Famille, p. 44.

[878] Folklore, etc., of the Australian Aborigines (Adelaide, 1879), pp. 28, 50, 57, 58, 65, 67, 87, 89, 92, 93.—Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, 215.

[879] Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, 50.

[880] Id., ibid.

[881] Id., ibid.

[882] Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, pp. 65, 66.

[883] Fison and Howitt, quoted by Giraud-Teulon, fils, in Origines du Mariage et de la Famille, p. 120.

[884] Fison and Howitt, quoted by Giraud-Teulon, fils, in Origines du Mariage et de la Famille, pp. 86-88.

[885] Fison and Howitt, loc. cit., p. 200.

[886] Id., ibid.

[887] Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 447.

[888] Giraud-Teulon, fils, loc. cit., p. 446.

[889] Hist. et descrip. générale de la Nouvelle-France, etc.

[890] Ibid. t. v. p. 393.

[891] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 70.—Lahontan, Voy., etc., t. ii. pp. 104, 183.

[892] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, pp. 528-531.

[893] Id., ibid. pp. 70, 71.

[894] Id., ibid. p. 97.

[895] L. Morgan, loc. cit. p. 513.

[896] Notes on the Tinneh, Hardisty, in Smithsonian Reports, 1866.

[897] Omaha Sociology, p. 255, in Smithsonian Reports, 1885.

[898] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 178.

[899] Id., ibid. p. 535.

[900] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. ii. p. 665.

[901] Id., ibid. vol. ii. p. 665.

[902] Id., ibid. vol. ii. pp. 251, 666.

[903] Voyages, etc., t. ii. p. 154.

[904] A. Giraud-Teulon, fils, Orig. du Mariage, etc., p. 191.

[905] Id., ibid. p. 186.

[906] Id., ibid. p. 177.

[907] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 185.

[908] Charlevoix, Hist. de la Nouvelle France, t. v. p. 395.

[909] Lafitau, Mœurs des Sauvages Américains, t. Ier. p. 69, etc.

[910] Id., ibid. t. ii. pp. 252, 268.

[911] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 454.

[912] J. Owen Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, p. 261, in Smithsonian Reports, 1885.

[913] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 455.

[914] J. W. Powell, Wyandot Government, in Smithsonian Reports, 1881.

[915] Charlevoix, loc. cit., t. vi. pp. 177-179.

[916] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 169.

[917] Charlevoix, t. v. pp. 397-421.

[918] Id., ibid., t. vi. p. 172.

[919] Lubbock, Orig. Civil., p. 152.

[920] Doménech, Voy. pitt. dans les déserts du Nouveau Monde, p. 508.

[921] Ibid. p. 543.

[922] Doménech, loc. cit., pp. 338, 425, 467.

[923] Charlevoix, Journal, etc., t. vi. p. 39.

[924] Id., ibid., t. v. p. 271.

[925] Id., ibid., t. vi. p. 44.

[926] Mœurs des Sauvages, ii. 266; iii. 56, 69, 70, 72, 76, 92, 97, 98, 120.

[927] Ibid., t. ii. pp. 274, 275.

[928] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 71.

[929] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 170-172.

[930] Powell, Reports of Smithsonian Institution, 1881.

[931] Owen Dorsey, Omaha Sociology, p. 252, in Reports of Smithsonian Institution, 1885.

[932] Lewis Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 436.

[933] Id., ibid. p. 438.

[934] Owen Dorsey, loc. cit., p. 255.

[935] Owen Dorsey, loc. cit., pp. 254, 255.

[936] Id., ibid. p. 256.

[937] Id., ibid. p. 257.

[938] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 97.

[939] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 440.

[940] Owen Dorsey, loc. cit., pp. 262, 263.

[941] Lettres édifiantes, t. xii. p. 130.

[942] Ibid. p. 144.

[943] Owen Dorsey, loc. cit., p. 265.

[944] Id., ibid. p. 281.

[945] Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 81.

[946] Voyages du baron de Lahontan, etc., t. ii. pp. 203, 204 (1741).

[947] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 196.

[948] Holmberg, Skizzen über die Völker des Russischen Amerika, p. 32.

[949] L. Morgan, loc. cit., pp. 166, 344.

[950] H. Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 340.

[951] Id., ibid., vol. ii. p. 218.

[952] Squier, States of Central America, p. 237.

[953] Brett, Indian Tribes of Guiana, p. 98.

[954] Bancroft, loc. cit., pp. 664, 665.

[955] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 538.

[956] Bancroft, loc. cit., vol. ii. p. 680.

[957] Thevet, Singularités de la France antarctique, p. 215.

[958] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 167.

[959] Hubner, Six semaines en Polynésie in Revue des Deux Mondes, 1886.

[960] Yate, New Zealand, p. 99.

[961] Paulding, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xvi. p. 459.

[962] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 374.

[963] Id., ibid. p. 428.—McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 375.

[964] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 428.

[965] De Varigny, Quatorze ans aux îles Sandwich, p. 14.

[966] Cook (Second Voyage), Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. vii. p. 417.—Moerenhout, Voy. aux îles, etc., t. ii. pp. 13, 15.

[967] Th. West, Ten Years in South Central Polynesia, p. 260.

[968] Mariner, Voy. to the Friendly Islands, etc., vol. ii. p. 165.

[969] Erskine, Islands of the Western Pacific.

[970] M. Radiguet, Derniers Sauvages, p. 181.

[971] Mariner, Tonga Islands, vol. ii. p. 98.

[972] Latham, Descriptive Ethnology, vol. ii. p. 455.

[973] McLennan, loc. cit., pp. 78, 79.

[974] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 268.

[975] L. Morgan, Conjectural Solution of the Origin of the Classificatory System of Relationship, in Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1868.

[976] Layland, Journal of Ethnological Society, 1869.

[977] Bosman, Voyage en Guinée, p. 197.

[978] Bowdich, Observations sur le Gouvernement des Achantis (collection Walkenær, t. xii.).

[979] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 216.

[980] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 340.

[981] Burton, Journey to the Great Lakes, p. 37.

[982] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 211.

[983] L. Magyar, Reisen in Süd-Africa, pp. 256, 284.

[984] Ch. Letourneau, Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop., 1872.

[985] Levaillant, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxiv. p. 210.

[986] R. and J. Lander, Hist. Univ. des Voy., t. xxx. p. 244.

[987] Laing, Hist. Univ. des Voyages, t. xxviii. p. 106.

[988] Burton, First Footsteps, etc., p. 420.

[989] Equatorial Africa.

[990] Noël, Bull. Soc. de Geogr., t. xx. p. 294 (quoted by Giraud-Teulon).

[991] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 209.

[992] Id., ibid. p. 208.

[993] Id., ibid. p. 248.

[994] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 233.

[995] Id., ibid. p. 232.

[996] Diodorus, i. 27.

[997] Herodotus, ii. 143.

[998] Id., i. 27.

[999] Lettres édifiantes, t. iv. p. 327 (Voyage en Éthiopie du médecin, Ch. J. Poncet, en 1698-1700).

[1000] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, p. 258.

[1001] Surat, iv. 27.

[1002] Marsden, Hist. of Sumatra, p. 262.

[1003] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. de la Famille, pp. 199, 200, etc.

[1004] Marsden, Hist. of Sumatra.

[1005] Wallace, Malay Archipelago, vol. ii. p. 169.

[1006] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 265.

[1007] Bachofen, Antiq. Briefe, pp. 216, 278 (quoted by A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., pp. 150, 154).

[1008] Schortt, Trans. Ethn. Soc., vol. vii. (New Series).

[1009] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 54.

[1010] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 63.

[1011] Id., ibid. p. 142.

[1012] Id., ibid. p. 233.

[1013] Id., ibid. p. 273.

[1014] Id., ibid. p. 294.

[1015] Id., ibid. p. 226.

[1016] Id., ibid. p. 16.

[1017] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 200.

[1018] Id., ibid. p. 272.

[1019] Id., ibid. p. 158.

[1020] Macpherson, Report on the Khonds.—Account of the Religion of the Khonds in Orissa, p. 57.

[1021] MacCulloch, Account of the Valley of Munniporees, etc., pp. 49, 69.

[1022] Hunter, Annals of Rural Bengal, p. 236.

[1023] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 266.

[1024] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 28.

[1025] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 218.

[1026] D’Abbadie, Douze ans dans la haute Éthiopie, p. 272.

[1027] Bancroft, Native Races, etc., vol. i. p. 585.

[1028] Du Tertre, Histoire des Antilles (1667), t. ii. p. 371.

[1029] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 138.

[1030] Historia de Abiponibus (1784), vol. ii. p. 231.

[1031] Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop. (July 1884).

[1032] Bancroft, Native Races, vol. i. p. 412.

[1033] A. d’Orbigny, L’homme Américain, t. i. p. 237.

[1034] Dalton, Ethnology of Bengal, p. 190.

[1035] Strabo, iii. 16.

[1036] Diodorus, v. 14.

[1037] Argonautica, ii.

[1038] Lubbock, Orig. Civil., p. 177.

[1039] L. H. Morgan, Systems of Consanguinity, etc., in Smithsonian Contributions, vol. xvii. pp. 416, 417.

[1040] Morgan, loc. cit., p. 422.

[1041] G. Eugène Simon, La Famille Chinoise, in Nouvelle Revue, 1883.

[1042] Davis, The Chinese, vol. i. p. 282.—Pauthier, Chine moderne, p. 238.

[1043] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, p. 363.

[1044] L. Morgan, loc. cit., pp. 416, 425.

[1045] Lettres édifiantes, t. xv. p. 164.

[1046] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., p. 148.

[1047] R. Smith, Kinship, etc., pp. 147, 151.

[1048] Id., ibid., p. 159.

[1049] Genesis, xxiii. 13.

[1050] Numbers, xxxvi. 4-8.

[1051] Numbers, xxxii. 8-11.

[1052] 2 Samuel, xiii. 16.

[1053] Exodus, vi. 20.

[1054] Genesis, xi. 26-29.

[1055] Leviticus, xviii. 9.

[1056] Eusebius of Cæsarea, Preparation of Gospel, i.

[1057] Strabo, iii. 18.

[1058] Duveyrier, Touâreg du Nord, p. 339.

[1059] Id., ibid.

[1060] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. p. 59.

[1061] Id., ibid., t. ii. p. 283.

[1062] Id., ibid., p. 286.

[1063] E. Sabatier, Essai sur l’origine des Berbères sédentaires, in Revue d’Anthropologie, 1882.

[1064] Hanoteau et Letourneux, Kabylie, t. ii. pp. 287, 288.

[1065] Id., ibid., t. ii. p. 297.

[1066] Dareste, Sur l’ancien droit des Perses, in Bull. de l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, 23rd Oct. 1886.—Strabo, xv. 17.

[1067] Strabo, xv. 20.

[1068] Sancti Joannis Chrysostomi, Op. i. 384, and x. 573.

[1069] A. Hovelacque, Avesta, p. 465.

[1070] L. Dubeux, La Perse, p. 262.

[1071] L. Dubeux, La Perse, p. 468.

[1072] Chardin, Hist. Univ. des Voyages, t. xxxi. pp. 230, 236.—L. Dubeux, loc. cit., p. 468.

[1073] E. Burnouf, Essai sur le Véda, p. 190.

[1074] Code of Manu, ix. 137.

[1075] Ibid., 105, 106.

[1076] Ibid., 125.

[1077] Ibid., 120, 121.

[1078] Ibid., 127.

[1079] Ibid., 132.

[1080] Code of Manu, ix. 118.

[1081] Ibid., 131.

[1082] Lettres édifiantes, t. xiv. p. 387.

[1083] Ibid., p. 320.

[1084] Ibid., t. xiv. p. 396.

[1085] McLennan, loc. cit., p. 189.

[1086] O. Sachot, l’Île de Ceylan, p. 27.

[1087] L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, pp. 35, 67.

[1088] Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 411.

[1089] Grote, Hist. of Greece, vol. iii. p. 95.

[1090] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 289.

[1091] Varro, quoted by St. Augustine, City of God, vol. xviii. p. 9.

[1092] McLennan, loc. cit., p. 244.

[1093] Id., ibid. pp. 177, 275.

[1094] Ott. Müller and Bachofen (quoted by A. Giraud-Teulon, pp. 283, 284).

[1095] Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 548.—McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 255.

[1096] H. Maine, Ancient Law, pp. 141, 142.

[1097] Isæus, Heritage of Menecles.

[1098] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., p. 372.

[1099] H. Maine, Early Institutions, pp. 113, 116, 124.

[1100] Strabo, iv. 4.

[1101] H. Maine, loc. cit., p. 76.

[1102] Bell, Journal of a Residence in Circassia, vol. i. p. 347.

[1103] H. Maine, loc. cit.

[1104] De moribus Germanorum, xx.

[1105] Laboulaye, Recherches sur la condition civile et politique des femmes, etc., pp. 166, 167.

[1106] A. Giraud-Teulon, loc. cit., pp. 41, 42.

[1107] McLennan, Primitive Marriage, p. 101.

 

[1108] Montaigne, Essays; Custom.

[1109] A. Giraud-Teulon, Orig. du Mariage, etc., p. 428.—L. Morgan, Ancient Societies, p. 389.

[1110] Sociology, vol. ii. p. 304.

[1111] Article, “Mariage,” in the Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales.

[1112] A. Bertillon, loc. cit.

[1113] M. Block, Statistique de la France, t. ii. p. 55.

[1114] Id., ibid. p. 298.

[1115] Id., ibid. p. 506.

[1116] A. Bertillon, article “Mariage,” loc. cit.

[1117] A. Bertillon, article “Mariage,” loc. cit.

[1118] Id., ibid.

[1119] Id., ibid.

[1120] Id., ibid.

[1121] A. Bertillon, loc. cit.

[1122] King Lear, Act iv. Sc. 6.

[1123] Sociology, vol. ii. p. 418.

[1124] M. Block, Europe politique et sociale, p. 204.

[1125] J. Bertillon, Étude démographique du divorce, p. 61.

[1126] Herbert Spencer, Sociology, vol. ii. p. 410.

[1127] Montaigne, Essays, vol. ii. p. 15.

[1128] Journal Ind. Archip., vol. ii. p. 54.

[1129] J. Bertillon, loc. cit., p. 61.